Maven Interview Questions | Freshers & Experienced

Apache Ant:

• Ant doesn't have formal conventions.
• Ant is procedural.
• There is no life cycle in Ant.
• Ant is a toolbox.
• The ant scripts are not reusable.

Maven:

• Maven has a convention to place source code, compiled code, etc.
• Maven is declarative.
• There is a life cycle in Maven.
• Maven is a framework.
• The maven plugins are reusable.

The advantages of Maven are:

• Helps manage all the processes, such as building, documentation, releasing, and distribution in project management.
• Simplifies the process of project building.
• Increases the performance of the project and the building process.

Maven clean is used to clean phase in the clean lifecycle by deleting the output of a build by deleting the build directory.

A POM file or Project Object Model file is an XML file that contains information about the project and configuration details used by Maven to build the project.

Maven Repository is basically a directory consists of all the project jars, library jar, plugins or any other project-specific artifacts that can be used by Maven easily.

There are two types of Repositories available in Maven. These two repositories are:

• local repository
• remote repository

M2_HOME is a variable used in maven to locate maven 2. It basically tells the program where to find Maven installation.

The elements of a project's coordinates in Maven are:

• groupId- the name of the project
• artifactId- indicates the module name of the project
• version- The version name of the project
• packaging- the way the Maven project is packaged
• classifier- This element is used to help define some attachments of the build output

There are three built-in Maven build lifecycles:

• default - the default lifecycle handles the project deployment
• clean - the clean lifecycle handles project cleaning
• site - the site lifecycle handles the creation of the project's site documentation.

The phases of the default lifecycle in Maven are:

• validate
• generate-sources
• process-sources
• generate-resources
• process-resources
• compile
• process-classes
• generate-test-sources
• process-test-sources
• generate-test-resources
• process-test-resources
• test-compile
• test
• prepare-package (maven 2.1+)
• package
• pre-integration-test
• integration-test
• post-integration-test
• verify
• install
• deploy

An Archetype is a Maven project templating toolkit which is consists of a very simple artifact, that contains the project prototype and creates project structure as per its template.

We can add a dependency in Maven Project with the help of the following steps:

Step 1 - Right-click the utility project, and select Maven>Add Dependency.

Step 2 - Type a dependency name in the Enter groupID… field to search for a dependency.

Step 3 - Select the dependency, and click OK.

Step 4 - Expand the utility project, right-click the pom.xml file, and select Run As>Maven Install to install the file into the local repository.

Step 5 - View the Console. When it displays “Build Success,” the utility project is available for reference by other projects.

Maven is a powerful project management tool that is based on POM or project object model which is used for building and managing any Java-based project, dependency, and documentation.

Exclusions are set on a specific dependency in your POM or project object model and are targeted at a specific groupId and artifactId.

SCM stands for Supply chain management which is the centralized management of the flow of goods and services and includes all processes that transform raw materials into final products.

The SNAPSHOT designator in a version indicates that a project is in a state of development.

A transitive dependency is indirectly formed by two functional dependencies. For e.g. X -> Z is a transitive dependency if the following three functional dependencies hold true:

• X->Y
• Y does not ->X
• Y->Z

simpleLogger. defaultLogLevel represents the default log level in Maven.

To run multiple profiles in maven in CLI we can activate command line: mvn groupId:artifactId:goal.